4. Khawi/Vulh atana changpat tha thlan dan : A hma lama kan tarlan tawh ang khan changpat chi hrang hrang tam tak a awm a, changpat azirin a khawi dan pawh a danglam hlawma, changpat khawi dawna a chi tha thlan dan chu hetiang hi a ni.

       (1) Natna hri tuar thei tak

       (2) Vulh awlsam leh hnim chi hrang hrang ei duh chi

       (3) Chaw heh tak, thang chak tak leh leitha siam chak tak

       (4) Khaw lum leh vawt tuar thei tak

       (5) Thil chi hrang hrang ei duh leh ei thei

       (6) Tui (egg) ngah tak, tui keu hma leh inthlah pung chak

       (7) A tui keu atanga a puitlinga a than chhung rei lo

       (8) Kaw hreuh thuk lo, lei chunglanga awm chi

       (9) Chawl lova chaw ei duh chi

5. Changpat chaw chi hrang hrang te : Mizo chuan changpat chaw chu lei hi a ni mai tiin kan sawi thina, hei vang hian fiamthuah pawh “changpat hian chaw a ngah bera tam a hlau ber” an ti thin a ni. Nimahsela changpat hian lei hi chaw atan a ring bik hauh lo mai a, a than nan te, a inthlah pun nan te chaw an mamawh a, chung an chaw ei duh chi hrang hrang te chu heng te hi a ni:-

       (1) Ran ek- Bawng ek te, Beram ek te, kel ek te, ar ek te hi changpat chaw a ni vek a ni. Amaherawhchu heng zingah hian bawng ek hi neih awlsam bera, changpat vulh nan pawh an hmang ber a ni.

       (2) Huan leh loa hnim leh buhpawl Huan leh loa hnim chi hrang hrangte hi changpat tan chaw tha tak a ni. Hei bakah hian buhpawlte, thlai seng tawhna kung leh hnah hrang hrangte hi changpat chaw tha tak a ni.

       (3) Thing chi hrang hrang hnah te, thing hawng te, thing zai nawi te, mau hnahte, mau chan nawite, thingzaina dip/nawi te hi changpat chaw a ni bawk a ni.

       (4) Kawtthlera thing phun hnah tla chi hrang hrang pawh chhar peih chuan changpat chaw a ni tho.

       (5) Lehkha chhia, lehkhapuan duh tawh loh leh lehkha chhutna hmuna lehkhabu tanna nawite, thil dahna lehkha khawng bawm te hi changpat chaw a ni bawk.

       (6) Thlai chi hrang hrang, eirawngbawl laia kan duh loh ang chi, entirnan maian hihnate, antam leh zikhlum hnah chang leh kaurau te, bawkbawn leh samtawk kuangte, alu pil etc hi changpat chaw tha tak a ni bawk.

       (7) Biogas siamnaa bawngek tuiril an paih chhuah thin pawh hi changpat chaw tha a ni bawk.

       (8) Khawpui lian a bawlhhlawh an paihna a mi, changpat ei duh zawng leh tawih mai thei ho pawh hi bawlhhlawh dang zing a mi thliar hran peih chuan changpat chaw atan an hmang bawk a, chubakah chaw lam chi siamna industry a an duh tawh loh thil thenkhat pawh changpat chaw atan an hmang bawk a ni. Amaherawhchu Mizoram ang, hnim, thing leh mau tamnaah hi chuan heng ang chi hi ngaihtuah buai a ngai lo a, changpat chaw tur chu tunah chuan a la tam rih a ni.

6. Changpatin chaw an ei chak dan : Changpat khawi hian a khawina hmun lum leh vawh dante, a chawei leh chaw pek that dan a zirte, boruak hnawn leh ro dan a zirte, a khawina bawm len leh tet a zir tein changpatin leitha a siam chak dan leh chaw an ei tam dan a danglam. India rama an enchhinna atanga an hmuh dan chuan a tlangpuithuin a khawina kuang/bawm a dunglam 3.3 ft. a vang lam 3.3 ft, a san lam 3.3 ft ah hian changpat puitling tawh 2000 dah ila, thla khat chhungin chaw 200kg an eizo vek hman a ni. An enchhinna dangah chuan changpat khawina bawm 2.23m X 2.23m a zauah hian changpat 10kg an dah a, thla khat chhungin chaw 10 quintals an eizo hman a ni.

       Changpat khawinaa a chaw kha tihhnawn reng a ngai a, englai pawhin a chaw ah khan hnawng 30-40 % a awm reng tur a ni a, a lum leh vawh thuah pawh changpat khawina bawm chhung kha 20-30℃ a ni tur a ni. Hei vang hian thlasik lai hian changpat pawh an thang chak lova, chaw pawh an eitlem a, leitha pawh an siam tlem a ni. Amaherawhchu hei aia vawt leh lum zawkah pawh changpat hi a dam thei tho a ni.

7. Changpat khawi dan : Changpat khawi dan hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, a khawina kuang len lam leh tet dan a zirte, a khawina hmanrua a zirte, sum leh pai dinhmunin a tlin tawk dan a zirte , a chaw pek a zir te, enkawl that peih dan a zir te, khaw lum leh vawh dan a zir tein changpat khawi dan hi a inang lo a ni. Tunlaia India rama an tihdan chi hrang hrang te chu hengte hi a ni.

       (1) Bucket chhunga khawi : Chokaa eisiamna ningnawi a vulh atan varanda leh hmun remchangah bucketah changpat a khawi theih. Hemi atan hian bucket pakhat a ngai a, bucket pang, a mawng hnaih tak kha tulthira verh thliah thliah tur a ni. Hemi hnu hian 2inches a chhahin bucket mawngah khan lungte dah tur a ni, hemi chungah hian leidur 2 inches vela chhah dah leh tur a ni. Tichuan hemi chungah hian bawngek ro te, leidur te, maian hihna te, lehkha chhia te, chawhmeh siam laia kan duh loh thlai leh hnim chan sawm inpawlh te kha 5 inches a chhah dah leh tur a ni. Tichuan tuia tihhnawn vek tura ni. Hemi hnu hian changpat thum khat vel dah tur a ni. Tichuan changpat kha bucket chhunga dah veleh a mawng lamah an hreuh nghal anga chaw dah kha an ei dawn a ni. Tichuan nitin eisiam laia kan thil paih tur apiang kha chansawm hnuah dah luh zel tur a ni. tui theh thet thet bawk tur a ni. Tichuan changpat khawina bucket kha varanda hlim lai, niin a chhun theih lohna laiah dah tur a ni. Thla 2 hnuah changpat siam leitha chu a chunglangah a lo awm anga, dimtea ruh chhuah tur a ni. ruh paha changpat lo tel apiang chu bucket chhungah dah leh zel tur a ni. Hetiang hian nu ho ten awlsam takin pangpar khawina pot leh chuktuah huana hman tur changpat leitha(vermicompost) an siam thei a ni.

       (2) Thingrem chhunga khawi : Bucket a khawi aia hlawk hret a changpat khawi nan thingrem a hman theih bawk. A len lam chu a remchan dan ang nise. Thingrem chu a dung lam 2 ft. a vang lam 2 ft, a vang lam 2 ft a san lam 1.5 ft in siam ta ila. Bucket angin thingrem chu a phui tlat loh avangin a mawng lamah verh pawh a ngai hran lo. Siam zawh hnuah a chhung lam chu rawng hnawih tur a ni lo. Tichuan lungte te, leidur te leh changpat chaw dah dan chu bucketa dah dan ang tho kha a ni. Changpat erawh chu a tirah thum hnih vel dah nise. A hnuah an inthlahpung zel tho a ni. Kan hriat reng tur chu changpat pakhat hian a nu leh pa chi a keng ve ve a, a nu leh a pa hran a awm lo a ni. A enkawl dan pawh bucket a mi ang tho a ni. A chaw erawh chu pek tam a ngai thung a ni. Hetianga bawm lian deuh zawka changpat khawi chuan leitha pawh a seng tam theih deuh hlek a ni. Thingrema changpat khawi hi varanda leh hmun remchang, niem theih lohna laiah dah tur a ni. Hetiang thingrem aia lian chu varanda a khawina atan chuan a hnawksak hret a ni. Hnawngin a chiah reng a vangin thingrem pawh mawih thei a ni tih hriat a tha.

       (3) Zem kuala khawi : Chuktuah huan remchang laiah mau phelsep hmangin vawkte zem kualin changpat a khawi theih bawk. A zem len lam chu a laia hawlhtlangin (diameter) hlam khat vel nise, san lam chu 2.5 ft nise. A theih phei chuan phelsep aiah dap chik pharh pawh hman nise a rinawm leh zual ang. Zem mawng chu tih zawl hnuah vaw bel phawt ila, chumi hnuah thelretpuan (tuipuan ) kha a chhungah ( a mawng leh a bangah) phah chhuah vek tur a ni. Tichuan hetianga a zem peih hnu hian a ban pali phuna tawng phak loh sang tawka sangah a chung chu thingtuai leh mauin siam a, a chung atan di emaw mauh hnah emaw chih mai tur a ni. Di a awm remchan loh chuan dap pawh chih mai tur a ni. Hetianga a zem leh a chung peih fel hnuah chuan a zem chhuatah khan khap khata chhah leidur chap tur a ni. Hemi chungah hian bawngek ro leh a hring leh leidur inpawlh khap khata chhah chhap leh tur a ni. hemi chungah hian changel kung leh a hnah chansawm te, hnim leh hnah chansawm te khap khat a chhah chap leh tur a ni. Tichuan tui a tihhnawn leh hnuah changpat 2 kg dah tawh mai tur a ni. Nitin a tul dan azirin tui theh huh tur a ni a, huan a hlo thlawh laiin hnim kha dahkhawm ila, sahsawm hnuah changpat chaw atan zem chhungah theh luh zel tawh mai tur a ni. Tichuan thla hnih hnuah changpat leitha a ruh tan theih tawh ang. Hetiang hian kan mamawh tam dan azir leh kan enkawl peih zat azirin zem dang pawh siam belh zel tawh mai tur a ni.

       (4) Mau phel leh silpoul In hmang a khawi : Hetianga changpat khawina siam nan hian mau phel 2.5 ft a sei engemaw zat leh silpouline pakhat, thingtuai 11 ft a sei pali, 6 ft sei pali, 3 ft sei pariat a ngai a ni. (Silpouline hlai pakhat hian changpat khawina bawm pahnih a daih a ni.) Huan leh lo hmun remchang laiah a dung 10 ft. a vang 5 ft, a san lam 2.5 ft a lianin siam tur a ni. Hemi atan hian a leng tawk lei laihzawl phawt tur a ni. Hmun laih zawlah khan a ban kha a kil pali leh a laiah phun phawt hnuah thing tuai kha a ban chhung lamah a chhuat atanga kutphah bawka kangah phuar beh/kilh tur a ni. Thingtuai dang kha lei zawl atanga 2.5 ft asangah phuar/kilh leh tur a ni. Tichuan thingtuai khamphei chhung lamah khan mau phel 2.5 ft a sei kha insi thapin tuna ram (phuar) tur a ni. Hetiang a mau phel phuar zawh hnuah hian a chhuat lei kha vuak bel tur a ni. A chhuat vuak bel hnuah silpouline kha a chhuata phah a, a bangah hman nghal bawk tur a ni. Silpouline kha a bang tlangah a inthleh loh nan phuar beh tur a ni. Hetianga a zem/kuang peih hnuah tawng phak loh tawka sangah ban phuna a chung sethlama zar tur a ni. A chung atan hian di emaw mau hnah emaw dap emaw a remchang apiang hman tur a ni. Hetianga sak peih hnu hian huan leidur khat vela chhah kha a chhuatah chapa tihhnawn tur a ni. Hemi chungah hian a remchan chuan thingzaina dip (saw dust) a lei khuh mawi tawk chap leh tur a ni. Hemi chungah hian bawngek ro leh lei inchawhpawlh khap vela chhah chap leh tur a ni. Thingzaina dip leh bawngek leh lei inpawlh kha tihhnawn tur a ni. (Bawngek hi a ro a awm loh pawhin a hring hman mai nise. Hemi chungah hian changel kung leh a hnah leh hnim leh hnah awm remchang apiang chan sawm kha khap khata chhah chap a tihhnawn tur a ni. Tichuan changpat 10 kg chhuah tawh tur a ni. Changpat chhuah hnu hian lei leh bawngek dipin pan tein vur leh ila tihhnawn leh tur a ni. Tichuan thla 2 hnuah changpat leitha ruh tawh tur a ni. Hetianga changpat vulh chhung hian a tul dan azirin nitin emaw ni khat kardanah emaw tuia phuh hnawn tur a ni. A chaw Changel chansawm leh hnim ilo pawh a tul dan azira pek belh zel tur a ni. Mahni remchan dan ang zelin changpat hetiang chi kuang hi siam belh mai tawh tur a ni.

       (4) Mau phel leh silpoulin hmang a khawi : Hetianga changpat khawina siam nan hian mau phel 2.5 ft a sei engemaw zat leh silpouline pakhat, thingtuai 11 ft a sei pali, 6 ft sei pali, 3 ft sei pariat a ngai a ni. (Silpouline hlai pakhat hian changpat khawina bawm pahnih a daih a ni.) Huan leh lo hmun remchang laiah a dung 10 ft. a vang 5 ft, a san lam 2.5 ft a lianin siam tur a ni. Hemi atan hian a leng tawk lei laihzawl phawt tur a ni. Hmun laih zawlah khan a ban kha a kil pali leh a laiah phun phawt hnuah thing tuai kha a ban chhung lamah a chhuat atanga kutphah bawka kangah phuar beh/kilh tur a ni. Thingtuai dang kha lei zawl atanga 2.5 ft asangah phuar/kilh leh tur a ni. Tichuan thingtuai khamphei chhung lamah khan mau phel 2.5 ft a sei kha insi thapin tuna ram (phuar) tur a ni. Hetiang a mau phel phuar zawh hnuah hian a chhuat lei kha vuak bel tur a ni. A chhuat vuak bel hnuah silpouline kha a chhuata phah a, a bangah hman nghal bawk tur a ni. Silpouline kha a bang tlangah a inthleh loh nan phuar beh tur a ni. Hetianga a zem/kuang peih hnuah tawng phak loh tawka sangah ban phuna a chung sethlama zar tur a ni. A chung atan hian di emaw mau hnah emaw dap emaw a remchang apiang hman tur a ni. Hetianga sak peih hnu hian huan leidur khat vela chhah kha a chhuatah chapa tihhnawn tur a ni. Hemi chungah hian a remchan chuan thingzaina dip (saw dust) a lei khuh mawi tawk chap leh tur a ni. Hemi chungah hian bawngek ro leh lei inchawhpawlh khap vela chhah chap leh tur a ni. Thingzaina dip leh bawngek leh lei inpawlh kha tihhnawn tur a ni. (Bawngek hi a ro a awm loh pawhin a hring hman mai nise. Hemi chungah hian changel kung leh a hnah leh hnim leh hnah awm remchang apiang chan sawm kha khap khata chhah chap a tihhnawn tur a ni. Tichuan changpat 10 kg chhuah tawh tur a ni. Changpat chhuah hnu hian lei leh bawngek dipin pan tein vur leh ila tihhnawn leh tur a ni. Tichuan thla 2 hnuah changpat leitha ruh tawh tur a ni. Hetianga changpat vulh chhung hian a tul dan azirin nitin emaw ni khat kardanah emaw tuia phuh hnawn tur a ni. A chaw Changel chansawm leh hnim ilo pawh a tul dan azira pek belh zel tur a ni. Mahni remchan dan ang zelin changpat hetiang chi kuang hi siam belh mai tawh tur a ni.

       (5) Leirawhchan(brick), Cement leh balu hmanga siam : Huan leh lo nghet nei , bawngpui 2 tal vulh leh a fur a thala tui kanglo nei tan chuan changpat khawina tlo tak leirawhchan, cement leh balu hmangin a siam theih . A len lam chu mahni sum leh pai dinhmun azirin a siam lenin a siam tet theih . Mizoramah hian leilet zawl tihloh chu tlang pang awih tlan hi huan leh lo neihna hmun chu a ni mai a, hei vang hian hautak lo deuh a changpat khawina siam dawn chuan awlsam deuha lei laihzawl theihna lai thlan a pawimawh a ni. Hetiang chi siam dawn chuan changpat khawina kuang len lam kha a dung lam 11 ft, a vang lam 5 ft leh a san lam 2.5 ft nise. Hetiang tiat len theih nan 12 ft a sei , 6 ft a zau lei laihzawl phawt tur a ni. Hetiang tiat siam nana a chak mamawh zat chu a tlangpuiin hetiang hi a ni.

       (a) Leirawhchan …………. 400 nos

       (b) Balu…………………………40 tins

       (c) Cement…………………….5 bags

       (d) Thingzai (char char) tlawn…………. 1

       (e) Thingzai (chartin ) tlawn…………….7

       (f) A chung tur rangva 7 ft a sei………… 5 nos

       (g) Rangva kilhna ………………………………250 gm

       (h) Perek ……………………………….500 gm

       (i) Hmanrua phurh nana motor (407 truck) hire na

       (j) Mistiri pakhat ni 4 chhung rawihna

       (k) Helper pakhat ni 4 chhung rawihna

       (l) Thingpui lumtu leh helper ni bawk pakhat ni 4 chhung rawihna

       (m) A sakna tur hmun laihzawlna, mi 2 in ni 2 chhung thawk ta se

       Tichuan heng hmanruate hi kan neih tawh chuan a dung 11ft, a vang 5 ft siam nan hetiang hian tih tur a ni :-

       A chhuat atan leirawhchan kha a bawk zawngin 2inches a inhlatin rem tur a ni . A inkar kha balu leh cement (1:2:4 proportion) chawlhpawlh khan hnawh tur a ni. A bang atan leirawhchan kha a chhawng zawngin rem tur a ni a, 2.5 ft a sanga rem zawh hnuah a dunglam sei zawng lai takah khan a pindanna bang siam leh tur a ni. Tichuan a chhung lam kha plaster leh vek tur a ni. Hetianga a kuang siam zawh hnu hian a sir kil 4 ah ( a kuang pawn lamah) khan ban 4 phun a, char char zai phel kha a liangah hman tur a ni a, chartin zai phel (duitin) pahnih kha a lai takah bun a liangah a vang zawngin kham tur a ni a, hemi chungah hian duitin pathum emaw pali emaw kha rangva chih nan kilh leh tur a ni.

       Duhthusamah chuan a chung hi Di emaw Dap emaw ni thei se, hei hian changpat kuang a tidai a, nisa leh khawlum lutuk a veng a ni. Rangva kan hmang a nih pawhin rangva hnuaiah dap chih hnan theih a tha khawp ang. Hetianga changpat khawina siam hi a tlo a, a tithei tan chuan siam chi tak a ni. Sum leh pai neih dan a zir leh a chaw ngaihtuahtu awm dan azirin hmun dang ah pawh sak belh zel tawh mai tur a ni. A kuang chhunga lei, bawngek leh lei inchawhpawlh leh changel chansawm etc. dah dan te, changpat chhuah dan te leh a ngai zat te pawh a hmaa kan sawi tawh Sl.No 4 a mi nen khan a inang reng a ni.

       Changpat chi hi lei ralah chuan a to ve hle. ICAR Complex , Kolasib a mi lei chuan 1kg hi Rs.300/- a ni a, hmundang a mi lei chuan 1 kg hi Rs 500/- a ni thung. Changpat chi lei dawn chuan changpat hlang kha a lei theih tak tak lohva, a chaw nena inpawlhsa kha a ni ber , a chaw nena pawlh sa loh chuan changpat hlang chu a bag chhunga dahin a thi duh a, a hmun a hlat phei chuan ken fimkhur a ngai a ni.

       (6) Thlam hnuai leh hmun hula vulh : Hmun thenkhatah chuan a khawina kuang siam hranpa lovin thlam hnuai leh daihlim hmun hul remchang laiah lei te, bawngek leh lei inchawhpawlh te, changpat chaw changel leh hnim te an chap hnuah changpat kha a awm tawk an chhuah ve ngawt mai a, tui a leihnawng zeuh zeuh a, silpoulin-in an khuh a, a khat tawkin a chaw an pea, an tihnawng reng bawk a ni. Hetianga changpat khawi tur chuan lei lama kaw hreuh lo chi changpat (non-burrowing species) chauh kha khawi tur a ni.

8. Changpat leitha (Vermicompost) a thil chi hrang hrang awm te : Changpat leitha hi thlai tan a tha em em a, amaherawhchu engtiang taka thlai tana tha nge a nih a, eng ang chakna nge a pai tih hi mithiam ten Laboratory a an exam phawt loh chuan mi naran tan chuan hriat theih chi a nilo. India ramah chuan University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka hian changpat khawi hi a zirin a kalpui hmasa ber a, kum 1984 khan a thil kalpui dan puanzarna Press Note an tichhuak a,a hnu kum 1990 ah pawh khan mite ngaihven ala hlawh lo hle a ni. Tunah chuan changpat khawi hi a thatzia an lo hre ta a, research pawh an bei mek zel a ni. Hei vang hian changpat chanchin ziahna lehkhabu leh journal pawh a la tlem hle a ni. North East India ah chuan PAREEK EARTHWORM ECO-TECHNOLOGY hi kalpui mek a ni. An institute hming chu YASHOWATI EARTHWORM AND MICROBES INSTITUTE, TULSIRAM ROAD, TINSUKIA-786125, ASSAM a ni a, an Director chu Dr.Dinesh Pareek a ni. An ni hian Laboratory pakhat R.V.BRIGGS & CO. PRIVATE LTD, 9 Bentinck Street, Kolkata, Post Box No 279 ah an changpat leitha siam chu endik turin Dt 21.11.2001 khan an thawn a, an endikna result chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni.

ANALYSIS ON DRY BASIS

       Organic Carbon as C 11.62%

       Humous content as 23.14 %

       Nitrogen as N 1.26%

       Total Phosphate as P2O5 0.89 %

       Potash as K2O 1.26 %

       Sulphur as S 0.89 %

       Calcium as Ca 0.85 %

       Iron as Fe 3.85 %

       Water holding Capacity 63.58 %

       CEC(Cation exchange capacity) 0.76 meq/100gm

       Boron as B 0.03 %

       Magnesium as Mg 0.16 %

       PH of 5 % aqueous solution 6.6

HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS DONE BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTRO PHOTOMETER,